What economic theory advocates for minimal government intervention in the market?

Laissez-faire capitalism is an economic theory that emphasizes minimal government intervention in the marketplace. The core principle of this theory is that free markets naturally regulate themselves through competition and consumer choice, leading to the most efficient allocation of resources. Proponents believe that when individuals are allowed to pursue their own economic interests without government restrictions, it will result in innovation, economic growth, and overall societal benefit.

This approach is grounded in the belief that less government involvement leads to more efficient economic outcomes. For instance, if businesses can operate freely, they can respond swiftly to consumer demands, which fosters competition and drives improvements in products and services. These ideas were notably advanced by economists such as Adam Smith, who argued that the "invisible hand" of the market guides individuals to benefit society as a whole.

Other theories like socialism advocate for greater government control over the economy, with an emphasis on wealth redistribution and public ownership of resources. Keynesian economics proposes active government intervention, especially during economic downturns, to stimulate demand and manage economic cycles. Mercantilism, a pre-classical economic theory, is focused on the accumulation of wealth through trade surplus and government regulation. In contrast, laissez-faire capitalism stands firmly against such government involvement, promoting individual enterprise as the primary driver of